点人溯事 · 历史人物生平行迹专题（第 4 / 7 篇）
玄奘西行求法行迹（627年 — 645年 · 唐贞观元年至贞观十九年）
Xuanzang's Pilgrimage to the Western Regions (627 CE – 645 CE · Tang Dynasty, Zhenguan Era)
时代跨度：627年 — 645年 · 唐贞观元年至贞观十九年
途经站点：共 12 站
起点 → 终点：长安 → 长安
全线途经古今地名：长安（今陕西西安） → 凉州（今甘肃武威） → 瓜州（今甘肃瓜州） → 高昌王城（今新疆吐鲁番） → 龟兹（今新疆库车） → 碎叶城（今吉尔吉斯斯坦托克马克） → 缚喝（今阿富汗巴尔赫） → 健驮逻（今巴基斯坦白沙瓦） → 那烂陀寺（今印度比哈尔邦那烂陀） → 曲女城（今印度北方邦卡瑙季） → 于阗（今新疆和田） → 长安（今陕西西安）。
Route Stops: Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi) → Liangzhou (Wuwei, Gansu) → Guazhou (Guazhou, Gansu) → Gaochang (Turpan, Xinjiang) → Kucha (Kuqa, Xinjiang) → Suyab (Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan) → Balkh (Balkh, Afghanistan) → Gandhara (Peshawar, Pakistan) → Nalanda Monastery (Nalanda, Bihar, India) → Kanyakubja (Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh, India) → Khotan (Hotan, Xinjiang) → Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi).
玄奘西行求法行迹 · 逐站时空坐标、古今地名与史料诗词详解（12 站）
为求《瑜伽师地论》梵本真义以释诸家纷歧，年二十八的玄奘大师自长安混迹灾民西出秦陇，立誓“不至天竺，终不东归一步”。
Seeking original Sanskrit texts of the Yogacara-bhumi-sastra, Master Xuanzang departed Chang'an alone, vowing never to take a step back eastward before reaching India.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“遂发足西行，自尔孑然孤游。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "Thus he set foot westward, traveling onward in solitary resolve."
抵河西都会凉州，受众僧礼请开讲《涅槃》《摄大乘论》月余，名震葱岭以东；因朝廷严禁私度边关，由慧威法师遣徒护送昼伏夜行西赴瓜州。
In Liangzhou, Xuanzang lectured for over a month to great acclaim; evading border bans, he traveled by night and hid by day toward Guazhou.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“凉州为河西都会，僧徒既多，请留开讲。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "Liangzhou was the metropolis of Hexi; its many monks entreated him to stay and lecture."
州吏李昌感其诚而暗撕通缉牒文。玄奘夜渡葫芦河、独闯五烽，于八百里莫贺延碛失手覆水，四夜五日滴水未进，绝处逢生终抵伊吾。
Crossing the Hulu River by night past five watchtowers, Xuanzang survived five days and four nights without water in the 800-li Moheyan Desert.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“莫贺延碛长八百余里，古曰沙河，上无飞鸟，下无走兽。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "The Moheyan Desert stretches over 800 li—no birds above, no beasts below."
高昌王麴文泰虔礼挽留，玄奘水浆不涉三日以明西求大法之志；麴文泰感泣结为兄弟，修二十四封国书、备黄金百两与三十匹马护送西行。
Moved by Xuanzang’s three-day fast, King Qu Wentai became his sworn brother and provided 24 diplomatic letters and provisions for the Western Regions.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“任师西迈，乞垂早食……遂共结为兄弟。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "The King pledged to support his westward journey and swore brotherhood with him."
在龟兹与高僧木叉毱多论辩经义，因大雪封山逗留六十余日；开春后翻越积雪千尺的凌山（天山木扎尔特达坂），历经雪崩严寒出天山北麓。
Delayed two months in Kucha by winter snows, Xuanzang then scaled the glacial Muzart Pass of the Tian Shan.
《大唐西域记》：“山谷积雪，春夏合冻，虽时消泮，寻复结冰。”Great Tang Records on the Western Regions: "The mountain valleys are piled with snow, frozen through spring and summer."
循大清池（伊塞克湖）西北行至碎叶城，恰逢西突厥统叶护可汗游猎。可汗设宴礼敬，命通解汉言及诸国语的摩咄达官率骑护送至迦毕试国境。
Passing Lake Issyk-Kul to Suyab, Xuanzang met Tong Yabghu Khagan of the Western Turks, who assigned a multilingual envoy to escort him south.
《大唐西域记》：“清池西北行五百余里至素叶水城，逢突厥叶护可汗方事畋游。”Great Tang Records: "Traveling 500 li northwest from the Clear Lake to Suyab, he met the Turkic Yabghu Khagan on a hunt."
经赭时（塔什干）、飒秣建（撒马尔罕），穿险峻铁门关，渡缚刍河（阿姆河）抵号称“小王舍城”的缚喝国，与般若羯罗法师切磋毗婆沙论。
Passing Samarkand and the Iron Gate Pass across the Oxus to Balkh ("Little Rajagrha"), studying Abhidharma texts at Nava Vihara.
《大唐西域记》：“缚喝国，伽蓝百有余所，僧徒三千余人。”Great Tang Records: "The Kingdom of Balkh has over a hundred monasteries and more than three thousand monks."
翻越大雪山（兴都库什山）、瞻礼梵衍那（巴米扬）石佛，入北天竺健驮逻故地；此后经迦湿弥罗驻锡两年研习经论，由此深游五印十余载。
Crossing the Hindu Kush past Bamiyan into Gandhara, then studying two years in Kashmir before journeying deeper into India for over a decade.
《大唐西域记》：“自古大圣贤，多生此国，作论诸师，亦多出此。”Great Tang Records: "Since antiquity, great sages and treatise-masters have arisen in this land of Gandhara."
抵中天竺摩揭陀国那烂陀寺，礼百余岁的住持戒贤论师为师，从受《瑜伽师地论》前后五年——正是当年立誓西行所求之法；其间兼习《顺正理》《中论》《百论》等诸部经论。
At Nalanda in Magadha, Xuanzang became the disciple of the aged abbot Silabhadra and studied the Yogacarabhumi-sastra for five years, the very text he had left Chang'an to seek.
《大唐西域记》：“僧徒数千，并俊才高学也，德重当时，声驰异域者，数百余矣。”Great Tang Records: "Its monks number several thousand, all of outstanding talent and learning; several hundred are honored in their time and renowned in foreign lands."
戒日王于曲女城设无遮大会，五印十八国王与僧俗数千人与会。玄奘为论主，悬所著论于会场门外，十八日间无一人能难，大乘尊为“大乘天”，小乘尊为“解脱天”。
King Harsha convened a great assembly at Kannauj attended by eighteen kings and thousands of scholars. Xuanzang posted his thesis at the gate; for eighteen days no one could refute it.
《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》：“若其间有一字无理能难破者，请斩首相谢。”Biography of the Tripitaka Master: "Should anyone find a single word herein unreasoned and refute it, I offer my head in apology."
载梵本经论越帕米尔高原东归至于阗，遣使向唐太宗奉表陈情；此时大唐已平定高昌、设安西都护府，太宗降敕欣慰迎归，命沿途州县护送。
Returning across the Pamirs to Khotan with Sanskrit scriptures, Xuanzang sent a memorial to Emperor Taizong, who issued an imperial edict welcoming him home.
《进西域记表》：“冒越宪章，私往天竺……历览周游，一十七载。”Memorial to the Throne: "Having ventured beyond the border laws to India, I traveled and observed for seventeen years."
贞观十九年正月返抵长安，朱雀街数十万人瞻礼迎奉六百五十七部梵经；后于弘福寺、大慈恩寺主持译场十九载，译经七十五部，撰成《大唐西域记》十二卷。
Returning to Chang'an in 645 CE with 657 Sanskrit texts, Xuanzang led the imperial translation bureau for 19 years and compiled the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions.
《旧唐书·玄奘传》：“贞观十九年，归至京师，太宗见之大悦，与之谈论。”Old Book of Tang: "In the 19th year of Zhenguan he returned to the capital; Emperor Taizong met him with great joy."